نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی
نویسنده
استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سنندج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
Major threats to the biodiversity of Zrebar wetland (in west of Iran) and extension solutions for the effective management of threatening factors
Azad Rastegar
Assistant Professor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran. Email: az.rastegar@areeo.ac.ir | ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2830-1054
Received: 9/June/2026 Revised: 9/July/2026 Accepted: 12/July/2026
Abstract
Zrebar Wetland, one of Iran's most important freshwater wetlands, possesses outstanding ecological, economic, and social values. Located in Kurdistan Province near the city of Marivan, this wetland provides habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species and plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation, regulation of hydrological processes, climate moderation, and sustaining the livelihoods of local communities. Despite its ecological significance, Zrebar Wetland has been increasingly exposed to numerous environmental challenges over the past three decades due to both natural and anthropogenic pressures. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the principal threats affecting the ecological sustainability of Zrebar Wetland. The findings, based on the author's two decades of field observations and surveys of local stakeholders and environmental experts, revealed that increased sedimentation caused by a diversion channel and the construction of a dam at the lake outlet, discharge of urban and rural wastewater, agricultural chemical pollution, climate change impacts, unplanned tourism development, the spread of invasive species, and illegal hunting and fishing are the major threats to the wetland, in descending order of importance. These stressors have resulted in declining water quality, habitat degradation, biodiversity loss, and disruption of the wetland's ecological functions. The results indicate that implementing integrated management strategies including: pollution source control, expansion of wastewater treatment systems, sustainable tourism management, watershed conservation, and enhanced participation of local communities can significantly contribute to the conservation and restoration of Zrebar Wetland. Protecting this valuable ecosystem requires continuous collaboration among governmental agencies, research institutions, and non-governmental organizations to achieve sustainable development and safeguard the country's natural heritage.
Keywords: Climate change, invasive species, water pollution, watershed.
Rastegar, A., 2026. Major threats to the biodiversity of Zrebar wetland (in west of Iran) and extension solutions for the effective management of threatening factors. Zagros Ecosystem and Sustainable Development, 1(1): 66-73.
DOI: 10.22034/ZAGROS.2026.373115.1023
URL: https://zagros.areeo.ac.ir/article_135809.html
رستگار، .ا.، 1405. مهمترین تهدیدهای تنوع زیستی تالاب زریبار و راهکارهای ترویجی مدیریت بهینه این عوامل. زیستبوم و توسعه پایدار زاگرس، 1(1): 73-66.
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